{
  "research": {
    "researched": "2026-10-27",
    "review_by": "2027-01-27",
    "note": "Hand-curated. Every point was read on the cited page on the researched date. Values in lo/hi are the numbers shown on charts; 'display' is the exact claim. Re-research quarterly and update review_by.",
    "points": [
      {
        "id": "rate_upwork_ai",
        "group": "rate",
        "label": "Freelance AI engineers, Upwork (typical)",
        "lo": 35,
        "hi": 60,
        "metric": "Typical hourly rate, AI engineers on Upwork",
        "display": "$35 to $60 an hour",
        "publisher": "Upwork",
        "title": "How much does it cost to hire Artificial Intelligence Engineers",
        "url": "https://www.upwork.com/hire/artificial-intelligence-engineers/cost/",
        "as_of": "2026-10-27",
        "kind": "marketplace",
        "note": "Global freelancer profiles; no sample size published. Same page says rates run from $25 to well over $100."
      },
      {
        "id": "rate_upwork_expert",
        "group": "rate",
        "label": "Expert freelancers, AI and ML, Upwork",
        "lo": 60,
        "hi": 120,
        "metric": "Advanced and expert tier hourly rate, including AI and ML",
        "display": "$60 to $120+ an hour",
        "publisher": "Upwork",
        "title": "Upwork Hourly Rates: Average Rates by Skill and Experience in 2026",
        "url": "https://www.upwork.com/resources/upwork-hourly-rates",
        "as_of": "2026",
        "kind": "marketplace",
        "note": "Based on public freelancer profile rates; directional."
      },
      {
        "id": "rate_ieee",
        "group": "rate",
        "label": "Independent technical consultants, US median",
        "lo": 180,
        "hi": 180,
        "metric": "Median hourly rate, IEEE-USA consultants fee survey",
        "display": "$180 an hour",
        "publisher": "IEEE-USA",
        "title": "2022 IEEE-USA Consultants Fee Survey",
        "url": "https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/2022-ieee-usa-consultants-fee-survey-consultant-rates-up-30-over-past-two-years",
        "as_of": "2023-01",
        "kind": "survey",
        "note": "US engineering and technical consultants, not AI-specific; 2022 survey. The only survey-based US consultant rate found."
      },
      {
        "id": "rate_independent",
        "group": "rate",
        "label": "Independent AI consultants, US",
        "lo": 150,
        "hi": 350,
        "metric": "Hourly rate, independent AI experts",
        "display": "$150 to $350 an hour",
        "publisher": "Leanware",
        "title": "How Much Does an AI Consultant Cost in 2026?",
        "url": "https://www.leanware.co/insights/how-much-does-an-ai-consultant-cost",
        "as_of": "2026-10-06",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Vendor guide; no methodology. Groovy Web's 2026 compilation gives the same $150 to $350 range."
      },
      {
        "id": "rate_boutique",
        "group": "rate",
        "label": "Boutique AI firms, US",
        "lo": 250,
        "hi": 450,
        "metric": "Hourly rate, boutique AI specialists",
        "display": "$250 to $450 an hour",
        "publisher": "Leanware",
        "title": "How Much Does an AI Consultant Cost in 2026?",
        "url": "https://www.leanware.co/insights/how-much-does-an-ai-consultant-cost",
        "as_of": "2026-10-06",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Vendor guide; no methodology."
      },
      {
        "id": "rate_bigfirm",
        "group": "rate",
        "label": "Big Four and strategy firms",
        "lo": 350,
        "hi": 500,
        "metric": "Hourly rate, Big Four and strategy firms",
        "display": "$350 to $500+ an hour",
        "publisher": "Leanware",
        "title": "How Much Does an AI Consultant Cost in 2026?",
        "url": "https://www.leanware.co/insights/how-much-does-an-ai-consultant-cost",
        "as_of": "2026-10-06",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Vendor guide; no methodology. Groovy Web cites $500 to $1,000+ for the largest firms."
      },
      {
        "id": "proj_discovery",
        "group": "project",
        "label": "Discovery, small consultancy",
        "lo": 2000,
        "hi": 5000,
        "metric": "Discovery engagement, small consultancies",
        "display": "$2,000 to $5,000",
        "publisher": "Groovy Web (citing Layer3 Labs)",
        "title": "AI Consulting Rates 2026",
        "url": "https://groovyweb.co/blog/ai-consulting-rates-2026",
        "as_of": "2026-10-23",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Secondary compilation of vendor guides."
      },
      {
        "id": "proj_audit",
        "group": "project",
        "label": "AI readiness audit, one firm's price list",
        "lo": 3500,
        "hi": 8500,
        "metric": "Published fixed price, AI readiness audit (2 to 4 weeks)",
        "display": "$3,500 to $8,500",
        "publisher": "Main & Machine",
        "title": "AI Consultant Cost (guide)",
        "url": "https://www.mainandmachine.com/guides/ai-consultant-cost/",
        "as_of": "2026-09",
        "kind": "price list",
        "note": "One small-business AI firm's own published prices, not a market survey."
      },
      {
        "id": "proj_assessment",
        "group": "project",
        "label": "Small AI strategy assessment",
        "lo": 5000,
        "hi": 25000,
        "metric": "Small AI strategy assessment",
        "display": "$5,000 to $25,000",
        "publisher": "Leanware",
        "title": "How Much Does an AI Consultant Cost in 2026?",
        "url": "https://www.leanware.co/insights/how-much-does-an-ai-consultant-cost",
        "as_of": "2026-10-06",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Vendor guide. Mid-size opportunity analyses $25,000 to $100,000."
      },
      {
        "id": "proj_mvp",
        "group": "project",
        "label": "Single-workflow pilot or proof of concept",
        "lo": 5000,
        "hi": 25000,
        "metric": "Single-workflow MVP or proof of concept",
        "display": "$5,000 to $25,000",
        "publisher": "Groovy Web (citing Layer3 Labs)",
        "title": "AI Consulting Rates 2026",
        "url": "https://groovyweb.co/blog/ai-consulting-rates-2026",
        "as_of": "2026-10-23",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Multi-workflow platforms $25,000 to $75,000 in the same source."
      },
      {
        "id": "proj_small",
        "group": "project",
        "label": "Small AI project (assessment, chatbot pilot)",
        "lo": 10000,
        "hi": 50000,
        "metric": "Small AI project, several weeks to 3 months",
        "display": "$10,000 to $50,000",
        "publisher": "Orient Software",
        "title": "AI Consulting Rate: A Breakdown of Hourly, Project, and Retainer Models",
        "url": "https://www.orientsoftware.com/blog/ai-consultant-hourly-rate/",
        "as_of": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Vendor guide; no methodology. Medium projects $50,000 to $250,000."
      },
      {
        "id": "proj_sprint",
        "group": "project",
        "label": "Implementation sprint, one firm's price list",
        "lo": 18000,
        "hi": 60000,
        "metric": "Published fixed price, AI implementation sprint (4 to 12 weeks)",
        "display": "$18,000 to $60,000",
        "publisher": "Main & Machine",
        "title": "AI Consultant Cost (guide)",
        "url": "https://www.mainandmachine.com/guides/ai-consultant-cost/",
        "as_of": "2026-09",
        "kind": "price list",
        "note": "One firm's own published prices."
      },
      {
        "id": "proj_clutch",
        "group": "project",
        "label": "Agency projects listed on Clutch",
        "lo": 50000,
        "hi": 199999,
        "metric": "Average project cost shown on example US AI consultancy listings",
        "display": "$50,000 to $199,999",
        "publisher": "Clutch",
        "title": "Top AI Consultants in the United States",
        "url": "https://clutch.co/us/consulting/ai",
        "as_of": "2026-10-26",
        "kind": "directory",
        "note": "Individual firm listings, not a market average. One listed firm sets a $75,000 project minimum."
      },
      {
        "id": "ret_essential",
        "group": "retainer",
        "label": "Essential advisory (5 to 10 hours a month)",
        "lo": 2000,
        "hi": 5000,
        "metric": "Monthly retainer, essential advisory",
        "display": "$2,000 to $5,000 a month",
        "publisher": "Leanware",
        "title": "How Much Does an AI Consultant Cost in 2026?",
        "url": "https://www.leanware.co/insights/how-much-does-an-ai-consultant-cost",
        "as_of": "2026-10-06",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Orient Software gives a similar $1,500 to $5,000 tier."
      },
      {
        "id": "ret_standard",
        "group": "retainer",
        "label": "Standard (10 to 25 hours a month)",
        "lo": 5000,
        "hi": 15000,
        "metric": "Monthly retainer, standard",
        "display": "$5,000 to $15,000 a month",
        "publisher": "Leanware",
        "title": "How Much Does an AI Consultant Cost in 2026?",
        "url": "https://www.leanware.co/insights/how-much-does-an-ai-consultant-cost",
        "as_of": "2026-10-06",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "id": "ret_fractional",
        "group": "retainer",
        "label": "Fractional chief AI officer",
        "lo": 5000,
        "hi": 30000,
        "metric": "Monthly retainer, fractional chief AI officer",
        "display": "$5,000 to $30,000 a month",
        "publisher": "Groovy Web (citing AY Automate)",
        "title": "AI Consulting Rates 2026",
        "url": "https://groovyweb.co/blog/ai-consulting-rates-2026",
        "as_of": "2026-10-23",
        "kind": "vendor guide",
        "note": "Secondary compilation."
      },
      {
        "id": "ret_managed",
        "group": "retainer",
        "label": "Managed AI services, one firm's price list",
        "lo": 1500,
        "hi": null,
        "metric": "Published starting price, managed services",
        "display": "from $1,500 a month",
        "publisher": "Main & Machine",
        "title": "AI Consultant Cost (guide)",
        "url": "https://www.mainandmachine.com/guides/ai-consultant-cost/",
        "as_of": "2026-09",
        "kind": "price list",
        "note": "Tool and model usage billed separately, $50 to $500 a month."
      },
      {
        "id": "adopt_nfib",
        "group": "adoption",
        "label": "NFIB small employers",
        "value": 24,
        "metric": "Small employers currently using AI",
        "display": "24%",
        "publisher": "NFIB Research Center",
        "title": "How Small Businesses Incorporate Tech and AI Advancements",
        "url": "https://www.nfib.com/?p=38888",
        "as_of": "2025-06-25",
        "kind": "member survey",
        "note": "521 NFIB members, fielded March 2025. 21% at single-digit-employee firms, 48% at 50+."
      },
      {
        "id": "adopt_sbcs",
        "group": "adoption",
        "label": "Fed Small Business Credit Survey",
        "value": 46,
        "metric": "Small employer firms whose business or employees use AI",
        "display": "46%",
        "publisher": "Federal Reserve Banks",
        "title": "2026 Report on Employer Firms",
        "url": "https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/2026-report-on-employer-firms",
        "as_of": "2026-03-03",
        "kind": "large convenience sample",
        "note": "6,525 firms with 1 to 499 employees, fielded Sep to Nov 2025. Convenience sample. Another 15% plan to start within 12 months; just 7% of AI users have fully integrated it."
      },
      {
        "id": "adopt_thryv",
        "group": "adoption",
        "label": "Thryv small businesses",
        "value": 55,
        "metric": "Small businesses currently using AI",
        "display": "55%",
        "publisher": "Thryv",
        "title": "AI Adoption Among Small Businesses Surges 41% in 2025",
        "url": "https://investor.thryv.com/news/news-details/2025/AI-Adoption-Among-Small-Businesses-Surges-41-in-2025-According-to-New-Survey-from-Thryv/",
        "as_of": "2025-07-17",
        "kind": "vendor survey",
        "note": "540 decision-makers, fielded May 2025."
      },
      {
        "id": "adopt_chamber",
        "group": "adoption",
        "label": "US Chamber, generative AI",
        "value": 58,
        "metric": "Small businesses that say they use generative AI",
        "display": "58%",
        "publisher": "U.S. Chamber of Commerce",
        "title": "2025 Empowering Small Business Report",
        "url": "https://www.uschamber.com/technology/empowering-small-business-the-impact-of-technology-on-u-s-small-business",
        "as_of": "2025-08-18",
        "kind": "industry survey",
        "note": "Up from 40% in 2024 and 23% in 2023. Sample size not stated on the page."
      },
      {
        "id": "adopt_10ksb",
        "group": "adoption",
        "label": "Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses",
        "value": 76,
        "metric": "Small businesses currently using AI",
        "display": "76%",
        "publisher": "Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses Voices",
        "title": "AI Presents a Major Opportunity for Small Businesses, But Support Is Needed to Close the Implementation Gap",
        "url": "https://www.goldmansachs.com/community-impact/10000-small-businesses-voices/insights/ai-presents-a-major-opportunity-for-small-businesses",
        "as_of": "2026-03-17",
        "kind": "program alumni survey",
        "note": "1,256 program alumni, not a random sample. Only 14% fully integrate AI into core operations."
      },
      {
        "id": "adopt_intuit",
        "group": "adoption",
        "label": "Intuit QuickBooks, regular use",
        "value": 77,
        "metric": "US small and midsize businesses using AI regularly",
        "display": "77%",
        "publisher": "Intuit QuickBooks",
        "title": "2026 AI Impact Report",
        "url": "https://www.intuit.com/blog/global-stories/ai-impact-report/",
        "as_of": "2026-05-12",
        "kind": "vendor survey",
        "note": "Survey of 34,000+ owners in four countries. In payment records, only 12% of US businesses paid for dedicated AI tools between 2021 and 2025."
      },
      {
        "id": "help_gtia",
        "group": "help",
        "metric": "SMBs already working with a strategic partner or IT service provider on AI",
        "display": "50%",
        "value": 50,
        "publisher": "GTIA",
        "title": "SMBs Are Taking a \"Slow and Steady\" Approach to AI Adoption",
        "url": "https://aimagazine.com/globenewswire/3352087",
        "as_of": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "industry survey",
        "note": "520 SMB and microbusiness decision-makers. Another 12% are considering outside help. Help wanted most: training staff (38%), picking tools (38%), integrating with existing systems (31%)."
      },
      {
        "id": "help_10ksb_integrate",
        "group": "help",
        "metric": "Small businesses fully integrating AI into core operations",
        "display": "14%",
        "value": 14,
        "publisher": "Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses Voices",
        "title": "AI Presents a Major Opportunity for Small Businesses, But Support Is Needed to Close the Implementation Gap",
        "url": "https://www.goldmansachs.com/community-impact/10000-small-businesses-voices/insights/ai-presents-a-major-opportunity-for-small-businesses",
        "as_of": "2026-03-17",
        "kind": "program alumni survey",
        "note": "73% say more training and resources would help their business."
      },
      {
        "id": "help_tn_boyd",
        "group": "help",
        "metric": "Tennessee employers using AI to complement workers",
        "display": "nearly 63%",
        "value": 63,
        "publisher": "UT Knoxville Boyd Center for Business and Economic Research",
        "title": "UT Boyd Center finds Tennessee employers use AI to complement workers",
        "url": "https://haslam.utk.edu/news/ut-boyd-center-finds-tennessee-employers-use-ai-to-complement-workers-tariff-effects-linger/",
        "as_of": "2026-03-17",
        "kind": "state survey",
        "note": "Winter 2026 Tennessee Business Leaders Survey, all firm sizes. About 10% said they have fewer employees because of AI."
      },
      {
        "id": "bar_privacy",
        "group": "barrier",
        "label": "Data privacy and security",
        "value": 50,
        "metric": "Top AI concern",
        "display": "50%",
        "publisher": "Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses Voices",
        "title": "AI Presents a Major Opportunity for Small Businesses, But Support Is Needed to Close the Implementation Gap",
        "url": "https://www.goldmansachs.com/community-impact/10000-small-businesses-voices/insights/ai-presents-a-major-opportunity-for-small-businesses",
        "as_of": "2026-03-17",
        "kind": "program alumni survey",
        "note": "1,256 respondents."
      },
      {
        "id": "bar_expertise",
        "group": "barrier",
        "label": "Lack of technical expertise",
        "value": 49,
        "metric": "Top AI concern",
        "display": "49%",
        "publisher": "Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses Voices",
        "title": "AI Presents a Major Opportunity for Small Businesses, But Support Is Needed to Close the Implementation Gap",
        "url": "https://www.goldmansachs.com/community-impact/10000-small-businesses-voices/insights/ai-presents-a-major-opportunity-for-small-businesses",
        "as_of": "2026-03-17",
        "kind": "program alumni survey",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "id": "bar_tools",
        "group": "barrier",
        "label": "Choosing the right tools",
        "value": 48,
        "metric": "Top AI concern",
        "display": "48%",
        "publisher": "Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses Voices",
        "title": "AI Presents a Major Opportunity for Small Businesses, But Support Is Needed to Close the Implementation Gap",
        "url": "https://www.goldmansachs.com/community-impact/10000-small-businesses-voices/insights/ai-presents-a-major-opportunity-for-small-businesses",
        "as_of": "2026-03-17",
        "kind": "program alumni survey",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "id": "bar_find",
        "group": "barrier",
        "label": "Finding tools that fit (planned users)",
        "value": 54,
        "metric": "Challenge named by firms planning to use AI",
        "display": "54%",
        "publisher": "Federal Reserve Banks",
        "title": "2026 Report on Employer Firms",
        "url": "https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/2026-report-on-employer-firms",
        "as_of": "2026-03-03",
        "kind": "large convenience sample",
        "note": "Current users name accuracy (46%) and adapting tools to the business (43%)."
      },
      {
        "id": "bar_time",
        "group": "barrier",
        "label": "Time to implement and train (planned users)",
        "value": 37,
        "metric": "Challenge named by firms planning to use AI",
        "display": "37%",
        "publisher": "Federal Reserve Banks",
        "title": "2026 Report on Employer Firms",
        "url": "https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/2026-report-on-employer-firms",
        "as_of": "2026-03-03",
        "kind": "large convenience sample",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "id": "bar_cost",
        "group": "barrier",
        "label": "Cost of AI tools (non-users, 2023)",
        "value": 55,
        "metric": "Reason for not using AI",
        "display": "55%",
        "publisher": "Bipartisan Policy Center with Morning Consult",
        "title": "Poll Shows Small Businesses Are Interested in and Benefit from AI",
        "url": "https://bipartisanpolicy.org/blog/poll-shows-small-businesses-are-interested-in-and-benefit-from-ai",
        "as_of": "2023",
        "kind": "poll",
        "note": "Older poll; the only fetched source that ranks cost first. Intuit's 2026 report says the biggest barrier is not cost."
      },
      {
        "id": "mkt_us",
        "group": "market",
        "label": "US AI consulting",
        "base": 2.8,
        "base_year": 2024,
        "target": 17.9,
        "target_year": 2034,
        "cagr": 20.4,
        "metric": "US AI consulting market",
        "display": "$2.8 billion (2024) to $17.9 billion (2034), 20.4% a year",
        "publisher": "Market.us",
        "title": "AI Consulting Market report",
        "url": "https://market.us/report/ai-consulting-market/",
        "as_of": "2025-04",
        "kind": "market estimate",
        "note": "Paid research estimate; methodology behind a paywall. Large enterprises hold over 69% of spending."
      },
      {
        "id": "mkt_global_marketus",
        "group": "market",
        "label": "Global AI consulting",
        "base": 8.4,
        "base_year": 2024,
        "target": 59.4,
        "target_year": 2034,
        "cagr": 21.6,
        "metric": "Global AI consulting market",
        "display": "$8.4 billion (2024) to $59.4 billion (2034), 21.6% a year",
        "publisher": "Market.us",
        "title": "AI Consulting Market report",
        "url": "https://market.us/report/ai-consulting-market/",
        "as_of": "2025-04",
        "kind": "market estimate",
        "note": "North America holds about 37%."
      },
      {
        "id": "mkt_global_zion",
        "group": "market",
        "label": "Global AI consulting",
        "base": 8.75,
        "base_year": 2024,
        "target": 58.19,
        "target_year": 2034,
        "cagr": 20.86,
        "metric": "Global AI consulting market",
        "display": "$8.75 billion (2024) to $58.19 billion (2034), 20.86% a year",
        "publisher": "Zion Market Research",
        "title": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) Consulting Market Size, Share, Trends, Growth 2034",
        "url": "https://www.zionmarketresearch.com/report/artificial-intelligence-ai-consulting-market",
        "as_of": "2025-03",
        "kind": "market estimate",
        "note": "Closely agrees with Market.us."
      },
      {
        "id": "mkt_global_rm",
        "group": "market",
        "label": "Global AI consulting and support services",
        "base": 14,
        "base_year": 2024,
        "target": 72.8,
        "target_year": 2030,
        "cagr": 31.6,
        "metric": "Global AI consulting and support services market",
        "display": "$14 billion (2024) to $72.8 billion (2030), 31.6% a year",
        "publisher": "ResearchAndMarkets via Business Wire",
        "title": "AI Consulting and Support Services Analysis Report 2025-2032",
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251124215144/en",
        "as_of": "2025-11-24",
        "kind": "market estimate",
        "note": "Broader scope. Small and midsize firms are the fastest-growing buyers at 35.9% a year through 2030."
      },
      {
        "id": "mkt_global_bcc",
        "group": "market",
        "label": "Global AI consulting services",
        "base": 11.4,
        "base_year": 2022,
        "target": 64.3,
        "target_year": 2028,
        "cagr": 34.2,
        "metric": "Global AI consulting services market",
        "display": "$11.4 billion (2022) to $64.3 billion (2028), 34.2% a year",
        "publisher": "BCC Research",
        "title": "Global AI Consulting Services Market Forecasted to Reach $64.3 Billion by 2028",
        "url": "https://bccresearch.com/pressroom/ift/global-ai-consulting-services-market-forecasted-to-reach-643-billion",
        "as_of": "2024-03-20",
        "kind": "market estimate",
        "note": "The release contains typos elsewhere; the headline figure is used."
      }
    ]
  },
  "wages": {
    "reference": "May 2025",
    "area": "Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN",
    "source": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025 (Nashville metro and national files)",
    "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm",
    "roles": [
      {
        "code": "13-1111",
        "label": "Management analysts",
        "what": "the BLS category that includes business consultants",
        "nashville_median": 49.35,
        "nashville_mean": 54.72,
        "nashville_employment": 6270.0,
        "us_median": 48.97,
        "us_mean": 54.71,
        "us_p90": 82.52
      },
      {
        "code": "15-1211",
        "label": "Computer systems analysts",
        "what": "people who fit software to how a business works",
        "nashville_median": 47.73,
        "nashville_mean": 48.94,
        "nashville_employment": 4500.0,
        "us_median": 50.89,
        "us_mean": 55.1,
        "us_p90": 80.63
      },
      {
        "code": "15-2051",
        "label": "Data scientists",
        "what": "people who build models and analyze data",
        "nashville_median": 49.53,
        "nashville_mean": 52.69,
        "nashville_employment": 1360.0,
        "us_median": 57.8,
        "us_mean": 60.96,
        "us_p90": 95.74
      },
      {
        "code": "11-3021",
        "label": "Computer and information systems managers",
        "what": "the in-house IT leader a small business rarely has",
        "nashville_median": 79.79,
        "nashville_mean": 83.79,
        "nashville_employment": 5640.0,
        "us_median": 84.2,
        "us_mean": 92.39,
        "us_p90": 143.03
      }
    ]
  },
  "btos": {
    "us_latest": 23.8,
    "tn_latest": 22.7,
    "us_plan": 27.7,
    "tn_plan": 27.7,
    "reference_start": "2026-09-07",
    "reference_end": "2026-09-20",
    "published": "2026-10-08",
    "source": "US Census Bureau, Business Trends and Outlook Survey",
    "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/hfp/btos/data_downloads"
  },
  "fetched_at": "2026-10-28T00:03:19Z"
}